Marine animals have consistently reduced in body size during environmental crises over hundreds of millions of years, a new study reveals. Researchers from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, in collaboration with the Universities of Warsaw and Lille, found this "Lilliput effect" is especially pronounced during phases of strong global warming.
The study examined how mussels, crustaceans and fish responded to past climate shifts, identifying a clear pattern of shrinkage during warming events. This historical trend serves as a warning for today's climate changes, according to the scientists.
The findings offer concrete evidence that warming oceans drive marine species toward smaller body sizes, a response observed repeatedly in the fossil record. The research highlights a consistent biological reaction rather than isolated incidents.
If current warming continues, the Lilliput effect could reshape marine ecosystems, affecting food webs and commercial fisheries. Smaller animals may alter predator-prey dynamics and reduce biomass available for human consumption.
The study did not quantify future shrinkage rates, leaving open questions about the pace of change. Some experts note that adaptation or migration could mitigate impacts for certain species, though the historical pattern remains stark.